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Aspergillus penicillioides
''Aspergillus penicillioides'' is a fungus of the genus ''Aspergillus'', and is among the most xerophilic fungi.
''Aspergillus penicillioides'' is typically found in indoor air, house dust, and on substrates with low water activity, such as dried food, foxy papers and binocular lenses. The distribution of the fungus is worldwide as it has been found in bed dusts from maritime temperate, Mediterranean, and tropical climates. The abundance of the fungus is influenced by outdoor climate, with highest numbers found in tropics and lowest numbers in Mediterranean climate. Cool temperature tends to decrease number of ''A. penicillioides'' in house dusts.〔
The colony can arise from a single sexual or asexual spore under acidic condition, and its size ranges from milliliter to centimeter depending on size and composition of substrate.〔 Germination of ''A. penicillioides'' was found to occur at lower water activity than growth. The lowest water activity for germination was 0.7.〔
==Taxonomy and phylogeny==
''Aspergillus penicillioides'' is included in the genus ''Aspergillus,'' section ''Restricti.'' Presumably because of the xerophilic character,'' Aspergillus restrictus'' was recognized by Thom and Raper as a Series within the group of ''Aspergillus glaucus.''〔 Raper and Fennell later raised this Series to ''"A. restrictus'' Group". Gams ''et al.'', renamed the taxa as ''Aspergillus'' Section ''Restricti'' in agreement with the Botanical Code.〔 Phylogenetic relationship of ''A. penicillioides'' and related teleomorph genera was inferred by 18S rDNA sequencing. ''A. penicillioides'', ''A. restrictus'', ''A. proliferans'', five ''Eurotium'' teleomorphs represented by '' E. herbariorum,'' and ''Edyuillia athecia'' were grouped together.〔 All these species have Q-9 as their major ubiquinone system.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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